Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: patterns, trends, and policy responses

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Feature_151201

Summary

Evidence suggests that excessive intake of added sugars has adverse effects on cardiometabolic health, which is consistent with many reviews and consensus reports from WHO and other unbiased sources.

74% of products in the US food supply contain caloric or low-calorie sweeteners, or both. Of all packaged foods and beverages purchased by a nationally representative sample of US households in 2013, 68% (by proportion of calories) contain caloric sweeteners and 2% contain low-calorie sweeteners.

We believe that in the absence of intervention, the rest of the world will move towards this pervasiveness of added sugars in the food supply.

Our analysis of trends in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages around the world, in terms of calories sold per person per day and volume sold per person per day, shows that the four regions with the highest consumption are North America, Latin America, Australasia, and western Europe.

The fastest absolute growth in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages by country in 2009–14 was seen in Chile.

We believe that action is needed to tackle the high levels and continuing growth in sales of such beverages worldwide. Many governments have initiated actions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the past few years, including taxation (eg, in Mexico); reduction of their availability in schools; restrictions on marketing of sugary foods to children; public awareness campaigns; and positive and negative front-of-pack labelling.

In our opinion, evidence of the effectiveness of these actions shows that they are moving in the right direction, but governments should view them as a learning process and improve their design over time.

A key challenge for policy makers and researchers is the absence of a consensus on the relation of beverages containing low-calorie sweeteners and fruit juices with cardiometabolic outcomes, since decisions about whether these are healthy substitutes for sugar-sweetened beverages are an integral part of policy design.

Report: PDF (754 KB)

Source: Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: patterns, trends, and policy responses – The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Smoking: Is The Fault In Our Genes?

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December 5, 2015 by Gil Ross

DNA

A new study finds that people with a particular version of a gene involved in the brain’s reward system are more likely to succeed in quitting smoking.

Compared with people who have other versions of this gene, those with the lucky DNA were also more likely to abstain from cigarettes. The study in Translational Psychiatry was a meta-analysis (a review of other studies) and supports a role for heredity, i.e., genotype, in the likelihood that someone will become a smoker and how difficult it will be, once starting to smoke, to eventually quit.

The primary objective was to determine whether the variant  DRD2/ANKK1 gene Taq1A has any effect on smoking cessation. ANKK1 happens to be next to the DRD2 gene, which helps the brain recognize dopamine, the chemical that’s produced in the brain to reinforce useful behaviors like eating and having sex. Addictive drugs, including nicotine, also cause dopamine levels to spike.

People inherit either an A1 or A2 version of this gene fragment from each of their parents. That means there are three possible genotypes: two A1s, two A2s or one of each. When it comes to quitting smoking, the helpful type is A2/A2. Those with two A2s had better odds of kicking the habit than those with one or two A1s.

Their literature survey consisted of 9,487 Caucasians (an obvious limitation.) Using statistical and epidemiological techniques, they determined that Taq1A A1/ genotypes were significantly associated with smoking cessation. They found an approximately 22 percent higher rate of smoking cessation among the study subjects with the A2A2 variant in the dopamine receptor gene Taq1A.

It is unclear how many smokers, or how many Americans, carry this particular gene variant. Given the fact that even if one carries this trait, the benefit (in the 22 percent better chance of quitting) is not so large as to confer any reliable hope of getting your genes to help you quit. Fortunately, this is a problem going out of existence and we are proud we have helped for 37 years. CDC data show that the smoking rate for both adults and teens in the U.S. is declining but the dire consequences of smoking make me want to remind everyone that it’s better not to rely on lucky genes – the best way to “quit” is to never start! Once addicted to nicotine and smoking, it is very difficult to quit, whatever your genome.

This study is interesting from a “personalized medicine” point of view and for those studying pharmacogenetics but for the rest of us, let me repeat: the fault (smoking) is in ourselves, not in our stars, nor in our genes.

Source: Smoking: Is The Fault In Our Genes? – American Council on Science and Health

Vancouver Hosts Boston, Need Leadership, Guys Stepping Up

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CANUCKS BANTER     By Andrew Chernoff    December 5, 2015

The Canucks Have To Find A Way

stats

The Boston Bruins (13-8-3) visit the Vancouver Canucks (9-10-8) at Rogers Place in game two of the Canucks 4-game home stand tonight.

Tonight marks the first of two meetings between these two teams this season. Vancouver visits TD Garden on January 21st.

The Canucks head into action on tonight  looking to snap out of a 2-5-3 state that has them in 4rth place in the Pacific division. Vancouver lost their last game against the Dallas Stars 4-2, and their picked up their 4rth loss in a row (0-2-2) and 12th loss in their last 15-games (3-8-4). Vancouver is 2-5-3 in their last 10-games.

van

The Bruins, 5th place in the Atlantic division, are on a road trip of Western Canada and have not faired well, as they lost in a shootout to Edmonton on December 2, 3-2 and followed that up with an overtime loss to Calgary on December 4, 5-4. Boston is 5-0-2 in its past seven games and finish off their road trip tonight against the Canucks.

bos

The script is getting old, and tired, and is in need of a refreshing change.

In my opinion, the stench that lingers after the last two months, more than indicates that the present incarnation of the Vancouver Canucks has expired and needs to be tossed and replaced with a new and improved.

And the game tonight, is the best game to start.

It’s time, for the next incarnation of the 2015-16 Vancouver Canucks to take to the ice.

WillieDMustchae

Whether there is enough behind the Sedins to give the Canucks that secondary scoring punch and support, Canuck coach Willie Desjardins responded after the Dallas game that he believes there is, and continued by saying:

But It has to happen on the ice…me believing it, or whatever, doesn’t….it has to come out on the ice.

And we need better performances on the ice. That’s not good enough. Like I thought today, you know I thought there were times in the first period that, we looked like, we might battle through and be ok, and get a goal.We didn’t give them an awful lot; they had the couple power plays, but we have to…it’s easy to believe when things go good….it’s harder when they don’t go good…and right know they’re not going good for us…right now we’re disappointed withthe overtime losses, and with all the stuff that’s built up, we got lots of losses, and it’s  disappointing ‘cause that’s not where we want to be.

But at the same time, that’s how you get better. You have to find a way.  It’s a tough league and that’s what you gotta do.

As for the psyche of the players, especially the younger players, Desjardins says:

It’s a battle to keep believing,when things don’t happen. It’s easy to believe when things happen. When it doesn’t happen, its a lot harder.

But, what are your choices? You don’t have any choice. Your choice is to believe that it’s gonna happen and you gotta  make it happen. Like, if you don’t believe and you hesitate when you’re doing something, your lost already.

So, you have to go in convinced at what you’re doing and you have to go hard. That’s the only way you’ll be successful in this league.

So, mentally, we have to accept where we’re at and we have to be prepared to play hard. We know what we’re doing. The guys know the systems,they just have to have confidence that if we play hard we’ll get our opportunities.

As for what is expected tonight against the Boston Bruins, Desjardins said what everyone was thinking, including the fans, at the Dallas post-game press conference:

Boston is a must game. We have to see a good performance against Boston. We have to see it.

CANUCKS JOTTINGS

  • Vancouver has 1 even-strength goal from a line other than the Sedins in the last 8 games.
  • The Canucks have scored just five times while dropping four straight games (0-2-2) and recorded just 16 shots in each of the last two contests to fall under .500 for the first time this season.
  • The Canucks, who have allowed 12 goals during their losing streak.
  • Vancouver are going after their fifth victory in six contests against the Bruins
  • Vancouver has allowed 8 power-play goals in their last 8 games.
  • Radim Vrbata is a team-worst minus -15 for the Canucks. Bo Horvat is -13. Yannick Weber is -9.
  • Jannick Hansen is a team-best plus +11 for the Canucks. Henrik Sedin is +7 and Daniel Sedin is +6.
  • Ryan Miller has managed two victories in his last 11 appearances.
  • Bo Horvat has not recorded a goal in 15 straight games.
  • Alex Burrows has two goals in his last 15 games, and has a plus/minus of -5.
  • Jared McCann has 1 goal in his last 16 games, and has a plus.minus of +2.
  • Vancouver defensemen only have 9 goals this season.
  • Canucks are 19 for 96 man advantages in 24 games, for 19.8 per cent, tied for 11th best. They are 1 for their last 8 man advantages.
  • Vancouver has scored on 12 of 61 man advantages in the past 16 games, for 19.7 per cent, 16th best in the NHL.
  • Canucks have scored on 9 of 38 man advantages at home, for 23.7 per cent, 9th best in the NHL.
  • Vancouver’s 96 power play man advantages are the most in the NHL, one ahead of the Montreal Canadians; two more than Colorado; three better than Arizona.
  • Vancouver has scored at least one power play goal in nine of the last 11 games, including at least one power play goal in eight consecutive games from Nov. 12-27. According to ESB, the last time the Canucks went 8 straight games with a PPG in the same season was Dec. 28 – Jan. 15/96. The Canucks also had a PPG in 8 straight games over a span of two seasons from Apr. 14 – Oct. 19/99.
  • Canucks have allowed 19 goals in 88 penalty kill opportunities, for 77.6 per cent, 22nd in the NHL. They have only allowed 2 goals in their last 12 penalty kill opportunities.
  • The Canucks penalty kill over the last 16 games, has given up 16 goals on 58 opportunities, 27th best in the NHL.
  • Vancouver penalty kill at home has given up 6 goals on 33 opportunities, for 81.8 per cent, 14th best in the NHL.
  • The Canucks have 42 even strength goals for and have allowed 42 even strength goals, for 18 in the NHL this season in G+/-.
  • In the last 16 games, Vancouver has 22 even strength goals for and have 24 allowed even strength goals, tied for 20th in G+/-.
  • Point Streaks:
    DANIEL SEDIN (1-1-2 / 2 Games)
    HENRIK SEDIN (0-3-3 / 2 Games)
  • Last 5 Games: 1 – 2 – 2
    Last 10 Games: 2 – 5 – 3
    1-Goal Games: 3 – 6 – 8
    2-Goal Games: 1 – 2
    3-Goal Games: 5 – 2
    Scoring first: 5 – 2 – 5
    Opponent scoring first: 4 – 8 – 3
    Leading after 1 period: 4 – 0 – 3
    Trailing after 1 period: 0 – 6 – 3
    Tied after 1 period: 5 – 4 – 2
    Leading after 2 periods: 7 – 1 – 5
    Trailing after 2 periods: 0 – 9 – 1
    Tied after 2 periods: 2 – 0 – 2
    OT Record – This Season: 1 – 8
  • Outshooting opponent: 4 – 5 – 5
    Outshot by opponent: 5 – 5 – 3
    Even shots: 0 – 0 – 0
  • Daniel Sedin has 18 points (8-10-18) in the last 12 games. He recently had a seven game point streak from Nov. 14-27; it was the longest point streak of any Canucks player this season and his longest since a seven game streak from Oct. 22 – Nov. 5/13. He currently leads the team and ranks in the top-10 in the League in points (28), goals (12), assists (16), ppg (5) and ppp (11).
  • Henrik Sedin has 17 points (5-12-17) in the last 12 games. He recently had a six game point streak from Nov. 16-27. He also had a five game point streak earlier this season from Oct. 29 to Nov. 7. Last season, the Captain recorded points in three or more consecutive games on 10 different occasions. Henrik ranks in the top-10 in the NHL in points (26), assists (18), and ppp (10).
  • Alex Edler leads VAN in time on ice (24:27) and has led the team in that category in 23 of 26 games he’s played, including 14 games where he’s led all skaters in TOI. He currently ranks 17th in the NHL in TOI/GP.
  • Jake Virtanen ranks third on the team and third among NHL rookies in hits with 53.
  • Chris Tanev leads the team and ranks tied for fifth in the League in blocked shots with 68. His defence partner Alex Edler ranks 12th in the NHL with 56 blocked shots.
  • Henri k and Daniel Sedin have played in 583 wins together.According to ESB, since 1990.91 the only pairs of teammates to play in more wins together are Niklas Lidstrom and Kris Draper (664); and Lidstrom and
    Tomas Holmstrom (599).
  • In the month of November, the Sedins combined for 35 points (Daniel registered 8-10-18 while Henrik collected 6-11-17). According to ESB, it is the most points the Sedins have combined for in a calendar month since December 2011, when they tallied 39 points together (10-7-17 for Daniel; and 2-20-22 for Henrik).
  • The Canucks have had seven different players make their NHL debut this season (Grenier, Shinkaruk, Virtanen, McCann, Hutton, Gaunce, and Pedan). According to Elias Sports Bureau, this is the most number of players to make their NHL debut for the Canucks in a single season since six players did so during the 2007.08 season.
  • The last season where more than six players made their NHL debut in a single season for the Canucks was in 1999.00 (eight players). The club record for NHL debuts in a single season is 11 which occurred during the 1973.74 season.
  • Vancouver has had 18 different goal scorers this season, tied for fifth most in the League.
  • The Canucks players aged 23 or younger that have appeared in the lineup thus far (Baertschi, Horvat, Hutton, Virtanen, McCann, Gaunce, Shinkaruk, and Pedan) have accounted for 19.4% of points (37), 16.9% of goals (12) and 20.8% of assists (25), for the team this season.
  • The Canucks 71 goals on the year are t-10th most in the NHL.
  • VANCOUVER’S 2015.16 RECORD WHEN…
    Score 4+ Goals: 6-0-0
    Score 3 Goals or Less: 3-10-8
    Allow 4+ Goals: 0-5-3
    Allow 3 Goals or Less: 9-4-5
    On 0 Days Rest: 2-1-2
    On 1 Day Rest: 2-5-5
    On 2 Days Rest: 4-3-1
    On 3+ Days Rest: 0-1-1
    Score a PPG: 4-5-6
    Give up a PPG: 4-7-5
    25+ Shots on Goal: 7-8-6
    Less than 25 shots: 2-2-2

SEASON SNAPSHOT

FireShot Screen Capture #265 - '2015-2016 Conference Standings - Vancouver Canucks - Standings' - canucks_nhl_com_club_standings_htm_season=20152016&t

LEAGUE STANDINGS

FireShot Screen Capture #266 - '2015-2016 League Standings - Vancouver Canucks - Standings' - canucks_nhl_com_club_standings_htm_season=20152016&type=

CANUCKS PLAYER STATS

FireShot Screen Capture #267 - '2015-2016 Regular Season Stats - Points - Vancouver Canucks - Statistics' - canucks_nhl_com_club_stats_htm

BRUINS PLAYER STATS

FireShot Screen Capture #268 - '2015-2016 Regular Season Stats - Points - Boston Bruins - Statistics' - bruins_nhl_com_club_stats_htm

CANUCKS-BRUINS SITUATIONS

05-12-15 BOS@VAN

CANUCKS-BRUINS AT A GLANCE

FireShot Screen Capture #269 - '2015 Vancouver Canucks vs_ 2015 Boston Bruins - Compare Stats, Leaders and Past Matchups' - www_sportingcharts_com_nhl FireShot Screen Capture #270 - '2015 Vancouver Canucks vs_ 2015 Boston Bruins - Compare Stats, Leaders and Past Matchups' - www_sportingcharts_com_nhl FireShot Screen Capture #271 - '2015 Vancouver Canucks vs_ 2015 Boston Bruins - Compare Stats, Leaders and Past Matchups' - www_sportingcharts_com_nhl

Statistics courtesy of the NHL, Vancouver Canucks and SportingCharts, with thanks.

 

 

NHL MORNING SKATE – DEC. 5, 2015

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NHL MORNING SKATE – DEC. 5, 2015

Welcome to the “NHL Morning Skate,” a daily collection of the latest news and notes from around the League.

FRIDAY’S RESULTS

Home Team in Caps
BUFFALO 5, Arizona 2
Philadelphia 4, NEW JERSEY 3 (OT)
Florida 2, COLUMBUS 1 (SO)
NY ISLANDERS 2, St. Louis 1 (SO)
CALGARY 5, Boston 4 (OT)
EDMONTON 2, Dallas 1 (OT)
ANAHEIM 1, San Jose 0

DOWN TO THE WIRE

All seven games contested Friday were tied or within one goal during the third period, with five extending to overtime. Two saw a team overcome a third-period deficit to win (NYI-STL, CGY-BOS).

GAUDREAU, HUDLER POWER FLAMES’ DRAMATIC LATE WIN

Johnny Gaudreau (3-1—4) completed the hat trick at 3:20 of overtime after Jiri Hudler (1-1—2) tied the game with 1.2 seconds left in regulation to lead the Flames to their sixth consecutive win at Scotiabank Saddledome.

* Hudler scored the third game-tying goal in the final five seconds of regulation in the NHL this season. The others, both on Nov. 7: Washington’s Nicklas Backstrom (19:59, TOR 2 at WSH 3) and Carolina’s Jeff Skinner (19:56, OTT 2 at CAR 3).
* The Flames recorded their League-leading sixth win in 3-on-3 overtime this season (6 W, 2 SO, 1 OTL). Gaudreau leads the NHL with three overtime goals.
* Gaudreau added an assist to record a career-high four points in addition to his second career hat trick. The other: Dec. 22, 2014 at LAK (3-0—3).
* Gaudreau has recorded points in nine consecutive games at Scotiabank Saddledome (7-10—17).

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PANTHERS TIE FRANCHISE ROAD WIN MARK

Al Montoya made 22 saves through 65 minutes and denied three of four shooters in the shootout to backstop the Panthers to a fourth consecutive victory on their five-game road trip and their fifth straight win overall. The Panthers have won five consecutive road games dating to Nov. 14, equaling the franchise record from Nov. 30 – Dec. 12, 2008.

The win lifted the Panthers (13-9-4, 30 points) into the second Wild Card position in the Eastern Conference.

AROUND THE RINKS

* Frans Nielsen scored the decisive marker in the shootout as the Islanders extended their overall point streak to six games (5-0-1), including four consecutive victories. Nielsen notched his 41st career shootout goal, moving past Chicago’s Jonathan Toews (40) into first place on the NHL’s all-time list. He also ranks first on the all-time list for game-deciding goals (17).
* Anders Nilsson made 42 saves and Jordan Eberle scored 45 seconds into overtime as the Oilers defeated the NHL-leading Stars and improved to 3-1-1 in their last five outings. Nilsson has made 90 saves in his two starts against the Stars this season (48 saves on Oct. 13 in a 4-2 loss at DAL).
* Evander Kane scored twice and 12 other Buffalo skaters registered a point as the Sabres extended their overall point streak to four games (3-0-1). Kane scored his first shorthanded goal of the season and has recorded three consecutive multi-point games (4-2—6). The Sabres improved to 9-1-1 in their last 11 games vs. ARI/PHX dating to Jan. 31, 2009.
* John Gibson turned aside all 23 shots he faced and Mike Santorelli scored the only goal of the contest at 2:49 of the third period as the Ducks snapped San Jose’s road winning streak at seven games. Gibson recorded his second shutout this week, following a 25-save performance in Monday’s 4-0 win over Vancouver, and improved to 3-2-1 overall (1.55 GAA, .942 SV%).
* After New Jersey’s Mike Cammalleri (1-1—2) tied the score with a minute left in regulation, Matt Read scored his first career overtime goal at 3:24 of the extra frame to lead Philadelphia to its fourth consecutive victory and fifth in the past six. Claude Giroux (1-1—2) and Jakub Voracek (0-2—2) supplied the offense for the Flyers, who have outscored opponents 14-7 during their win streak.

MILESTONES & BENCHMARKS

* Devils forward Mike Cammalleri (1-1—2) scored his 100th career power-play goal.
* Flames forward Matt Stajan (800 GP) and Sabres forward Matt Moulson (500 GP) skated in milestone games.

LOOSE PUCKS

Sabres defenseman Rasmus Ristolainen (0-1—1) has 3-10—13 in his last 13 outings after recording 1-4—5 in his first 13 games of the season… Coyotes forward Max Domi (2-0—2) has 2-5—7 in his last six outings and is tied for the lead among NHL rookies with 10 goals… Blue Jackets forward Michael Chaput scored in his season debut… Blues defenseman Kevin Shattenkirk (1-0—1) has 3-8—11 in his last 10 outings… Despite suffering the shootout loss, the Bruins extended their overall point streak to seven contests (5-0-2) and their point streak against the Flames to eight games dating to March 27, 2010 (5-0-3)… Bruins forward Brad Marchand (2-0—2) converted on a third-period penalty shot attempt, which stood as his third shorthanded goal of the season. Marchand leads the NHL with 18 shorthanded goals since he began his career in 2009-10… Despite suffering the overtime loss, the Stars extended their overall point streak to five contests (3-0-2) and their road point streak to nine games (7-0-2)… The Tampa Bay Lightning signed head coach Jon Cooper to a multi-year contract extension. Cooper was named the eighth head coach in franchise history on March 25, 2013… ICYMI: USA Hockey executive director Dave Ogrean announced that Buffalo will host the 2018 IIHF World Junior Championship, which will include an outdoor game for the first time in tournament history. Click here for more information.

SNEAK PEEK AT SATURDAY’S ACTION

All Times Eastern
Washington @ Winnipeg, 3:00 p.m., SN, CSN-DC
Pittsburgh @ Los Angeles, 4:00 p.m., ROOT, FS-W
NY Islanders @ Ottawa, 7:00 p.m., CITY, MSG+
Nashville @ Detroit, 7:00 p.m., NHLN-US, FS-TN, FS-D
Montreal @ Carolina, 7:00 p.m., TVAS, SN, FS-CR
Toronto @ St. Louis, 7:00 p.m., CBC, FS-MW
Columbus @ Philadelphia, 7:30 p.m., FS-O, CSN-PH
Colorado @ Minnesota, 8:00 p.m., ALT, FS-N
Boston @ Vancouver, 10:00 p.m., CBC, SN, NESN
Tampa Bay @ San Jose, 10:30 p.m., SUN, CSN-CA

A LOOK AHEAD

* The Capitals put the League’s longest active win streak on the line against the Jets. The Capitals’ six consecutive wins have lifted them to first place in the Metropolitan Division, while the Jets are just four points out of a playoff spot in the Western Conference.
* The Canadiens, who trail Dallas by one point in the NHL standings, have an opportunity to leapfrog the Stars into first place overall when they visit Carolina.
* The Islanders (5-0-1 in their past six games) will have to contend with the League’s hottest goal-scorer in Ottawa’s Mike Hoffman, who has tallied eight times in his past six contests.
* The Kings play host to the Penguins and goaltender Marc-Andre Fleury, who blanked Los Angeles twice last season in stopping all 67 shots he faced.

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The dawn of the dragon

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Johannesburg – Chinese President Xi Jinping announced $60 billion (about R860bn) in investment and development aid for Africa on Friday, an amount and scale unprecedented in the history of Africa’s development partnerships.

“China-Africa relations have today reached a stage of growth unmatched in history. We should scale the heights, look afar, and take bold steps,” Xi told African leaders at the Focac summit in Sandton, Joburg.

The announcement was met with rapturous applause from more than 40 African heads of state and their delegations at the Sandton Convention Centre.

The development financing includes $5bn in grants and zero-interest loans, $35bn in concessional loans, and an increase of $5bn to the China-Africa Development Fund, and an initial contribution of $10bn to the China-Africa fund for production capacity co-operation.

Zimbabwe’s President Robert Mugabe, responding as the current chair of the AU, said: “Here is a man, representing a country once called poor, which was never our coloniser. He is doing for us what we had expected those who colonised us to do.

“If they have ears to hear, let them hear, he is a God-sent person.”

Xi unveiled a blueprint for China’s development partnership with Africa which directly addresses the key challenges facing the continent, with innovative projects and solutions for poverty eradication and economic growth.

It was a slap in the face for those who have argued the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is interested only in commodity extraction from its partnership with Africa.

“To build a China-Africa comprehensive strategic and co-operative partnership, China will implement 10 co-operation plans with Africa in the next three years.

“These plans aim at addressing three bottleneck issues holding back Africa’s development, namely inadequate infrastructure, lack of professional and skilled personnel, and funding shortage.”

AU Commission chair Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma praised the fact that the PRC has made industrialisation a centrepiece of the win-win co-operation, particularly the beneficiation of the continent’s natural resources.

Dlamini-Zuma lamented the fact that Africa spends $80bn a year on food imports and suggested that efforts to modernise agriculture and enhance agro-processing and business are needed urgently.

Dlamini-Zuma also emphasised that Africa spends $5bn a year importing skills, and needs to improve education in science, engineering and maths.

Source: The dawn of the dragon | Independent Online